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[์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ณตํ•™] 5์žฅ. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ (1)

by xxilliant 2022. 10. 20.
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5์žฅ. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ (1)


ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ณ„ํš - Planning

Before the project can begin, the software team should estimate; ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค

  • the work to be done,
  • the resources required,
  • and the time

that will elapse from start to finish.

 

[ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ณ„ํš - Task Set ]

Establish project scope : ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์„ค์ •

Determine feasibility : ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ

Analyze risks : ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ ๋ถ„์„

  -Risk analysis is considered.

Define required resources : ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž์› ์ •์˜

  -Determine require human resources ํ•„์š” ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐ์ •

  -Define reusable software resources ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์› ์ •์˜

  -Identify environmental resources ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ž์› ํŒŒ์•…

Estimate cost and effort : ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๊ฒฌ์ 

  -Decompose the problem ๋ฌธ์ œ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”

  -Develop two or more estimates using LOC, function points, process tasks or software equation, etc. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ถ”์ •์น˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ

  -Reconcile the estimates ์ถ”์ • ์กฐ์ •

Develop a project schedule ์Šค์ผ€์ฅด ์ž‘์„ฑ

  -Scheduling is considered in detail. ์Šค์ผ€์ค„๋ง ์ƒ์„ธ ๊ณ ๋ ค

  -Establish a meaningful task set ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ์…‹ ์„ค์ •

  -Define a task network ์ž‘์—… ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ •์˜

  -Use scheduling tools to develop a timeline chart ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ ์ฐจํŠธ ์ž‘์„ฑ

  -Define schedule tracking mechanisms ์ผ์ • ์ถ”์  ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์ •์˜

[ Estimation - ์ถ”์ • ]

์ž์›, ๋น„์šฉ, ์Šค์ผ€์ค„ ์ถ”์ •!

What is Scope?

→ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ฒ”์œ„(bound)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์„ค๋ช…

What is Use-Case?

→ end user์˜ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‘๋‹ต ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ.

→ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์คŒ

 

์ถ”์ • ์š”๋ น

1. LOC-Based Estimation

ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,

์ฆ‰ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ LOC(์›์‹œ ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜)์˜ ๋น„๊ด€์น˜, ๋‚™๊ด€์น˜, ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ •.

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ = ๋…ธ๋ ฅ(์ธ์›”) /ํˆฌ์ž…์ธ์›

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋น„์šฉ = ๋…ธ๋ ฅ(์ธ์›”) × ๋‹จ์œ„๋น„์šฉ

๋…ธ๋ ฅ(์ธ์›”) = ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ × ํˆฌ์ž…์ธ์› = LOC / 1์ธ๋‹น ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜

์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ = LOC /๋…ธ๋ ฅ(์ธ์›”)

 

2. FP-Based Estimation

3. Process-Based Estimation

4. SW Equation Based Estimation

 

 

[ Scheduling ]

Why are projects late?

→ unrealistic deadline, changing customer requirements, underestimate, risks, technical difficulties, human difficulties, miscommunication, failure by project management

์Šค์ผ€์ค„๋ง ์›๋ฆฌ

  • ๊ตฌํšํ™” - ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ์ •์˜
  • ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜์กด์„ฑ - ์ž‘์—… ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ - ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ •์˜๋œ ์ฑ…์ž„ - ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ• ๋‹น๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ •์˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ - ๊ฐ ์ž‘์—…์—๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ •์˜๋œ ์ด์ •ํ‘œ - ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

 

 

[ Earned Value Analysis (EVA) : ํš๋“ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ ]

measure of progress ์ง„ํ–‰์˜ ์ธก์ •

enables us to assess the “percent of completeness” of a project using quantitative analysis rather than rely on a gut feeling

→ ์ง๊ฐ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ "์™„์ „์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ"์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

[ Computing Earned Value : ํš๋“ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ]

 

1. BCWS - bugeted cost of work Scheduled ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ(๊ณ„ํš์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ)

  • BAC = ∑ (BCWSk) for all tasks k
  • The budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS) is determined for each work task represented in the schedule.

2. BCWP - Performed ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ(์‹ค์ œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ž‘์—…๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ)

The value for BCWP is the sum of the BCWS values for all work tasks that have actually been completed by a point in time on the project schedule.

 

3. ACWP - ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„์šฉ(์‹ค์ œ ์ง‘ํ–‰๋œ ๋น„์šฉ)

Actual cost of work performed, ACWP, is the sum of the effort actually expended on work tasks that have been completed by a point in time on the project schedule.

 

 

[ Derived Metrics ]

SPI: Schedule Performance Index (์ผ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ์ง€์ˆ˜, ๊ณ„ํš๋Œ€๋น„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฅ )

   → SPI = BCWP/BCWS → SPI < 1 means project is behind schedule

 

CPI: Cost Performance Index (์›๊ฐ€์„ฑ๊ณผ์ง€์ˆ˜, ๊ณ„ํš๋Œ€๋น„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜?)

  → CPI = BCWP/ACWP → CPI < 1 means project is over budget

 

CSI: Cost Schedule Index (CSI = CPI x SPI)

  →The further CSI is from 1.0, the less likely project recovery becomes.

 

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